A Pelvic ultrasound scan is the most effective imaging modality used to examine the uterus and ovaries when indicated by abdominal and pelvic pain or menstrual problems; such as heavy and painful periods as well as abnormal intermittent bleeding. This scan can detect cysts, fibroids, endometrial thickening and numerous other uterine and ovarian abnormalities. It is also useful if there is concern about the position of an intrauterine contraceptive device.

There are two methods of performing pelvic ultrasound: transvaginal (via the vagina) and transabdominal (through a full bladder). For transvaginal ultrasound, no specific preparation is required, but for transabdominal ultrasound, you will need a full bladder for the scan and will be advised on how much water to drink and how long before the examination.

Transvaginal Ultrasound

This type of ultrasound is usually used to examine the uterus, endometrium and ovaries. You will be asked to lie on your back with your knees bent and legs apart (it’s like you were having a smear test or an internal examination). The sonographer will lubricate a small probe with gel and then insert this into the vagina. This may be slightly uncomfortable, but should not be painful. This type of scan is quite short. 

Transabdominal Ultrasound

For this type of scan, you will be asked to fill the bladder with fluids so it will be possible to examine the uterus and ovaries behind it. Because of the distance between the transducer and the organs of interest, information might not be as accurate and the sensitivity of the scan is not as good compared to the transvaginal approach. There are times when it is necessary to gather more precise and detailed information and a transvaginal or internal ultrasound will also be indicated. For transabdominal scan, you will be asked to lie on your back and the transducer moved back and forth across your belly.

If you have any of the following symptoms you must do a Pelvic Ultrasound Scan as soon as possible.

• Pelvic or lower abdominal pain
• Heavy periods or unexplained bleeding
• Period pains
• Bleeding after menopause
• Ovarian cysts, fibroids or endometrial polyps
• PCOS
• Difficulty conceiving
• The lining of the womb (endometrium)
• Kidneys, bladder and appendix issues (when indicated)
• Uterine arteries and other fertility assessment requirements